What is pulmonary embolism?
Pulmonary embolism is an obstruction of a blood vessel in the lungs, usually due to a blood clot, which blocks a coronary artery. A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot, generally a venous thrombus, becomes dislodged from its site of formation and embolizes to the arterial blood supply of one of the lungs, causing vascular obstruction and impaired gas
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Pulmonary embolism is the sudden blockage of an artery in the lung. Once the artery is blocked, usually by one or more blood clots, oxygen levels drop, and blood pressure in the lungs rises. Most blood clots originate in legs, but they can also form in the veins of your arms, the right side of heart or even at the tip of a catheter placed in a vein. In rare cases, other types of clots - such as globules of fat, air bubbles, tissue from a tumor or a clump of bacteria - also can lodge in your lungs' arteries. Smaller clots prevent adequate blood flow to the lungs, sometimes causing damage to lung tissue (infarction). Large clots that completely block blood flow can be fatal.
Pulmonary embolism can occur as a major complication of surgery, or in patients who are confined to bed, have cancer, severe varicose veins, phlebitis (inflammation of the wall of a vein), have suffered a recent heart attack or stroke, or have a chronic illness, such as congestive heart failure. Other factors that can increase the risk of blood clots include childbirth, obesity, a broken hip or leg, use of oral contraceptives, sickle cell anemia, blood clotting disorders, chest trauma, certain congenital heart defects, sitting for long periods of time, and old age. |
